【-아요/어요/여요②】How to use “irregularity conjugation” that do not change according to the rules.

Usually, -아요/-어요 is used according to the vowel in the stem, but some words do not change according to the rules.

Here we will practice patterns that change in a special way.

What is the irregularity conjugation of “-아요/-어요”?

As with the past tense, there are cases where the change does not follow the principle.

When using the past tense, some vocabulary words are combined with -았/었 after the stem is transformed.

집에서 음악을 들었습니다.
I listened to music at home.

When 듣다 is in the past tense, it becomes “들었다” instead of 듣었다, and this is called irregular conjugation.

【-았/었/였】How to make and express the past tense.

https://kininaru-korean.net/en/16201

This does not happen only in the past tense, however.

저는 영어로 라디오를 들어요.
I listen to the radio in English.

듣다 becomes 들어요 instead of 듣어요, and the change occurs as in the past tense.

By the way, this irregular change can be divided into two categories those in which a sound dropout occurs and those in which the stem sound changes.

Pattern of sound dropout.

The vowel “으” in the stem is lost.

After the stem 으 drops out, -아요/어요 is added.

어제부터 머리가 아파요.
I have a headache since yesterday.
(아프다)

우리 집에서는 엄마가 김치를 담가요.
In my family, my mother pickles kimchi.
(담그다)

불꽃이 정말 예뻐요.
The fireworks are really beautiful.
(예쁘다)

The 으 is weaker than other vowels, even if you try to pronounce 크어요 faster, it becomes “커요”.

ㅅ patchm words「ㅅ불규칙」

In ㅅ patchm words, the “ㅅ” is dropped out.

가마솥에 한가득 밥을 지어요.
I cook rice to fill the rice cooker .
(짓다)

아이는 상처가 금방 나아요.
Children heal quickly from wounds.
(낫다)

중요한 부분 밑에 선을 그어요.
Draw a line under the important parts.
(긋다)

잇다 and 붓다 are also commonly used vocabulary.

ㅎ patchm words「ㅎ불규칙」

This is a case where the pronunciation changes while the ‘ㅎ’ drops out, except for some words such as 좋다.

하늘이 너무 파래요.
The sky is so blue.
(파랗다)

토마토와 사과는 색깔이 빨개요.
Tomatoes and apples are red in color.
(빨갛다)

까마귀는 온몸이 까매요.
Crows are black all over.
(까맣다)

This is also the pattern that makes 어떻다 become 어때요.

irregularity conjugation in which the sound of the stem changes.

ㅂ patchm words「ㅂ불규칙」

Some words with ㅂpatcham in the stem change pronunciation during conjugation.

올해 여름은 정말 더워요.
This summer is very hot!
(덥다)

서울은 도쿄보다 훨씬 추워요.
Seoul is much colder than Tokyo.
(춥다)

이 불닭은 저한테는 엄청 매워요.
This buldak is really hot for me.
(맵다)

Incidentally, there are also words like 돕다 and 곱다 that become “ㅂ→오”.

But the majority can be considered become -워요.

ㄷ patchm words「ㄷ불규칙」

Some vocabulary, ㄷ become ㄹ.

그 짐은 이 차에 실어요.
We’ll put that baggage in this car.
(싣다)

지하철역까지 얼마나 걸어요?
How long is the walk to the subway station?
(걷다)

내 말 다 알아들어요?
Do you know what I’m talking about?
(알아듣다)

The reason why ‘ㄷ’ changes to ‘ㄹ’ is that the same place in the mouth (behind the front teeth) is used for pronunciation.

Therefore, ㄷ will not be ㄱ.

르 patchm words「르불규칙」

If there is a 르 in the stem, the ㅡ is dropped and another ㄹ is added to it.

그거는 나도 몰라요.
I don’t know about that too.
(모르다)

일단 재생버튼을 눌러요.
For now, please press the play button.
(누르다)

현주씨는 영어로도 노래를 불러요.
Ms. Hyunjoo also sings in English.
(부르다)

You should also learn 몰라요 and 불러요.

It is difficult to speak while thinking of every irregular change in your head.

Practice until the words come out on their own.